antimicrobial peptide

1 زیست شناسی:: پپتید ضدمیکروبی

Natural membrane proteins, antimicrobial peptides, chemotherapy drugs, certain types of lipids, other biomolecules, etc. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 Structure of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1 The Membrane as a Barrier and a Transporter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 Membrane Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3.1 Physical Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3.2 Biochemical Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.3 Electrical Characteristics of Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.4 Excitability and the State of the Membrane Potential . . . 21 2.3.5 The FitzHugh-Nagumo Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Lipids in Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.1 Geometry and Nature of Lipids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.2 Various Lipid Phases in Membranes: Lamellar and Non-Lamellar Phase Propensities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.3 Lipid-Specific Phase Diagram: A Thermotropic Perspective . . . . 38 3.4 Modulation of the Phase Properties of Lipids by Antimicrobial Peptides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4 The Membrane as a Transporter, Ion Channels and Membrane Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , and cardiolipin (CL) in a planar bilayer formed by PC causes regulatory effects on membrane pro- teins (MPs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and ion channels/pores, etc Although the van der Waals energy component is understood to be producing negligible effects [16], a careful examina- tion of relevant modeling efforts suggests that both the van der Waals and electrostatic interactions appear to be dominant contributions to the membrane energetics, which is responsible for certain lipid phase properties, especially in the case when the mem- brane hosts different kinds of membrane proteins or antimicrobial peptides [2]. 3.4 Modulation of the Phase Properties of Lipids by Antimicrobial Peptides

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